CURRENT VIEW ON PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications are an actual problem of modern medicine. This pathology continues to spread throughout the world like a non-infectious epidemic. In this review new data about role different cellular mechanisms in forming diabetic retinopathy (DR), namely, oxidative-nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration inflammation. A approach DR pathogenesis is primacy neurodegenerative changes retina vs previously held views as а microvascular eye only. At moment, hyperglycemia considered main etiological factor DR. Activation oxidation excess glucose triggers cascade reactions with formation oxidative nitrosative stress. Mitochondria most sensitive organelles cells retina. Hyperglicemia-induced respiration disruption increased production free radicals neurons retina, can promote their further degeneration enhancing. Local inflammation which facilitated DM, also component pathogenesis. case, inflammatory occurs at molecular level without clinical manifestations The provides analysis literature on mechanism involving retinal DM. It emphasized, that DM enhances retinopathy.